Essay about Ethnography Ainu - 2155 Words

Ethnography: Ainu Worldview The Ainu, Japan’s native aboriginal people, are very much an isolated people, living now only in the northern island of Japan, Hokkaido. They number, as of a 1984 survey, 24,381, continuing a rise from a low point in the mid nineteenth century due to forced labor and disease, and have largely left their old ways and integrated into standard Japanese society, though even the majority of those still reside in Hokkaido. The animistic religion of the Ainu is firmly enmeshed with every other aspect of the culture. Family and Kinship Most Ainu organize in groups of nuclear families, the nuclear family being the basic social unit (Encyclopedia). Some groups, however, have extended families, but are†¦show more content†¦During the 70s Ainu revival, many intellectual Ainu saw an opportunity to spread their ideas and oral traditions in print, and were not ignored, providing financial support for the Ainu arts (Dab 10). Politics As an indigenous and oft-oppressed people, forced back by the Japanese for centuries from their native lands to only the Northern part of Japan’s Northernmost island, the Ainu did not focus on politics outside of their community, especially in Japan’s blindly homogenous culture. â€Å"After World War II, the first Ainu political part, the Sinei Undo, had formed and though it only counted 5% of Ainu among its members it was the largest political association of Ainu at the time, and had branches in the major Ainu communities† (Dabb 10). In their settlements, Ainu usually have a single male decision-making leader per settlement, who makes his decisions with the advice of the elders in the settlement (Encyclopedia). The elders are opposed by shamans, who, frequently being female, allow for more of a sexual balance of power in the settlement. A few groups of small settlements are under the control of larger settlements, but this is uncommon. The political leader of a community is always the host of a bear ritual, which usually attracts the leaders of the nearby settlements (Encyclopedia). Language Ainu language has, like the Ainu themselves, a past wrapped in mystery. Of the known language families, such as Indo-European, the basis of English,Show MoreRelatedTattoos : a Permanent Mark on Pop Culture Essay6526 Words   |  27 Pagescommunication among spies. Markings identified the spies and showed their rank. Romans marked criminals and slaves. This practice is still carried on today. The Ainu people of western Asia used tattooing to show social status. Girls coming of age were marked to announce their place in society, as were the married women. The Ainu are noted for introducing tattoos to Japan where it developed into a religious and ceremonial rite. In Borneo, women were the tattooists. It was a cultural traditionRead MoreEssay on Birth: The Beginning of Life2455 Words   |  10 Pagesmale-dominated field of anthropology. Until quite recently in the history of anthropology, our views of social organization consistently ignored the many and varied places of women in society, resulting in a distorted theory and an impoverished ethnography (Jordan 5). By exploring childbirth, one can gain insight into the lives of women in any culture. Parturition in non-human primate societies Childbirth is inherently natural. All non-human primates experience childbirth, as they are all mammalsRead MoreThe Myths of Cultural Globalization Essay3502 Words   |  15 Pagesand what they actually do or mean is often a very different matter. Good ethnography combines detailed empirical research with larger political and philosophical questions. The anthropologist, who goes into the field for an extended period of time (on average 12-18 months), attempts to take the perspective of the people he/she studies and represent his/her findings to a wider audience. The resulting ethnography is a translation, shifting between the perspective of the cultural insider andRead MoreAgrarian Magic: 20 Theories on the Origin of Religion8239 Words   |  33 Pagesquestions about religion, and while we cant evaluate the veracity of religion’s claims, we can attempt to understand its functions. The methods of comparative religion, comparative mythology, with interdisciplinary analysis throughout the fields of ethnography, neuroscience, psychology, sociology, anthropology, history, and linguistics have made a lot of progress in the last 100 years, with a boom of database-driven analysis in the last decade. There are a number of theories attempting to explain the

Clifford Geertz s Definition Of Religion - 807 Words

3) Clifford Geertz’s definition of religion is an accurate reflection of the basic tenet of religion. Geertz argues that religion is based solely on the concepts of symbols and the impacts that symbols have on the practitioners of the religion. Geertz demonstrates that symbols give a meaning to life. The symbols give practitioners something to hold onto at all times. Geertz’s definition of symbols and their impacts fits the use of symbols in many religious practices including the religions of the Huichol Indians and the Amish sect of the Protestant Christian church. In the first part of the Geertz’s definition, he states that religion is â€Å"a system of symbols which acts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . All religions are made up of symbols. In the Amish church, the symbols include the baptism and living in a traditional way. For the Amish, baptism â€Å"symbolize[s] a commitment to both God and fellow believers† (Robinson, 2015). By being baptized, the adult member of t he community is making a lifelong commitment to live a simple life for God in the way of the Amish. For the Huichol, Ramon states, â€Å"Now I will tell you of the maize and the peyote and the deer†¦ They are our life. They are ourselves.† (189). For the Huichol, the symbols represent a unity complex that are the centerfold of their religion. Religion is made up of symbols, and the Amish Christian and Huichol religious complexes demonstrate that concept. In the second part of the definition, Geertz states that symbols â€Å"establish powerful,Show MoreRelatedClifford Geertzs Focus on the Power of Religion1160 Words   |  5 PagesClifford Geertz has focused more on the symbolic power of religion. He has talked about the fact that it is the symbolic power of religion that has a strong influence on the people. It is the religion, in accordance to Clifford that helps the people in understanding the place that the people have in the world. The actions that are undertaken by the people are also defined by the religion. Based on the arguments that have been given by Clifford, it can be added here that there is a great effect ofRead MoreDefining Religion1029 Words   |  5 PagesWhen searching for the meaning of the term religion one most go a long way in making an extensive search to actually form a definition that can fit such a broad word. There is no one definition that can satisfy all religions and remain true to all religions throughout its answer. There are many different views and definitions of the word and it is very hard to come up with a reasonable definition that sums such a massive expression up. Religion when used as a single word is almost impossible to defineRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pageswe have defined religion as a system of believes particularly belief in a God or gods. The problem with this is that we categorize too much under the umbrella of religion that does not fit under this cate gory; as Craig Martin argues in, A Critical Introduction to the Study of Religion, â€Å"The colloquial use groups together dissimilar things. All of those things we call ‘religions’ simply do not share a set of core properties†. We tend to define Catholicism when asked to define religion. Many very educatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Meanings And Concepts Of Culture Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of meanings and concepts of culture The objective of this essay is to present and analyse the main definitions of the word culture through different social and historical processes, starting from the ancient times to the most modern times. Starting from the etymology of the word, the term culture derives from the latin word colà ¨re, that means to farm the land, and only after, this meaning was extended to the term cultus, that stands for a literate man, and there is a connectionRead MoreReligion And Religious Forms Of Religion1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthe course of this term, we have studied several different philomaths of religion and several different approaches to the study of religion. As we studied these approaches, many aspects of religion have been recurring in several scholars’ definitions of religion and approaches to the study of religion. I have endeavored to encapsulate what I believe to be the most paramount aspects in my definition, which is as follows: Religion is a community that shares notion in some supernatural force and apportionsRead MoreReligion, Politics, And Politics Essay2149 Words   |  9 Pages Religion and politics have been inextricably intertwined since the creation of culture and civilization. However, the academic tradition often times has been to focus on the importance of placing religion and politics into two distinctly separate systems. I, however, argue that it isn t as black and white as that. In many of the readings we have been assigned this quarter thus far, religion and politics have gone hand in hand mutually benefiting one another. As shown in these readings, religionRead MoreCommunication, Religion, And Culture1809 Words   |  8 Pagesindividual s life. Those facets are communication, religion, and culture. Communication, as a field of study, is arguably one of the most extensive and elaborate topics. Regardless of the station of life, the sector of work, or complexity of establishment, communication is used. Communication is necessary for life to function. Not only that, but it is especially necessary for life to function well. With this in mind, it becomes easier for one to recognize it s importance. 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These particularities can create a culture group but are contingent as a subset to the larger culture of the world. The discourse on what culture is has been debated within multiple disciplines, such as ecologyRead MoreOhio State Football as a Religion? Essay2320 Words   |  10 Pagescelebrated in some traditions of religion. However, it is arguably, what essentially happens at an Ohio State Football game on nearly every Saturday in Columbus, Ohio. Saturdays in Columbus are like Holy Days in most religions and create a liminal space in the university area. Through its use of myths, rituals, devotion of the fans, and use of space as well as time, Ohio State Football seems to be more then just a sport to many people, it seems to be a religion. In this paper I will aim to show

Maestro and Pleasantville free essay sample

In Pleasantville, Ross conveys his purpose through distinctively visual images expressed through cinematic techniques such as colour and juxtaposition. Throughout the film, it is clear that Ross uses a distinct use of juxtaposing colour to reveal his thoughts about how one can change through new experiences. This is portrayed in scenes in the film such as Skip’s first sexual encounter and Betty Parker’s first sexual pleasures In Maestro, it is through Paul’s experiences throughout the novel, that the reader can sense his changed perceptions of characters such as Keller.Paul’s perception of Keller changes dramatically throughout the novel, the younger Paul reveals Keller as a â€Å"boozer† however the older, mature Paul kisses him, and reveals him as a â€Å"Great Man†. Paul’s changed perception of Keller is also conveyed through the recurring use of adjectives when Goldsworthy writes â€Å"The red glow of his face – a boozers i ncandesant glow† as it reveals Paul’s lack of respect for him, and immature, judgmental nature as the first thing he notices about Keller is his alcoholic habits. It is also noteworthy, as Paul is portraying Keller with unflattering adjectives, which also reveals his immaturity at the time. Throughout the novel Goldsworthy repetitively uses distinctively visual images to portray Keller through Paul’s eyes, which makes the Paul’s change of perception more powerful. It is at the conclusion of the novel, after Paul gains knowledge of Keller’s past, he reveals sensitive, mature feelings towards Keller as he refers to him as a delicate â€Å"handful of frail bird-bones†, aâ€Å"frail papier mache body†. But perhaps the strongest sign of Paul’s changed perception of Keller is revealed as Paul kisses Keller, who is now â€Å"weightless, emptied of life and mind and thought† once he had died.This is deemed important as it overrides every single bad comment Paul had ever said, as the reader is now focusing on the present Paul’s sympathetic feeling of Keller, rather than his arrogant, disrespectful perception of Keller in his past. In the novel Maestro, it is clearly evident that Goldsworthy conveys his purpose by creating a memoir styled novel. Through this the reader can experience Paul’s distinctively visual portrayals of Keller, and how his perception changed over the course of his life.In the film Pleasantville, Siblings, Jennifer and David enter the sitcom world of Pleasantville while fighting over a TV remote. Once in Pleasantville, Jennifer had taken the role of Mary-Sue Parker, and David – Bud Parker, introducing new emotions, knowledge, experiences and overall; change to the people of Pleasantville. Gary Ross uses distinctively visual images to reveal his personal perception on change, and how it can be influenced by new experiences. Specifically, Ross uses the experiences of the characters Skip (the basketball jock in love with Mary-Sue) and Betty Parker (the mum of Mary-Sue and Bud) to convey his view.Ross combines characterization with a variety of cinematic techniques to successfully convey this purpose, however the use of colour, juxtaposition and symbolism all contribute greatly into making the film distinctively visual. The first scene where Ross’s purpose is clearly evident arises after Skip’s first sexual experience with Jennifer. In the image, a red rose has salience due to the emphasis of colour and the vectors created by created by the white picket fenc e and surrounding shadows. It is in this scene where Ross’s purpose is revealed, as the addition of colour to the rose is symbolic of the change Skip had just encountered. The addition of colour in this scene is significant as Skip, and Pleasantville, were both unable to identity what â€Å"colour† was as Pleasantville’s society has never experienced â€Å"change†. In this scene, Ross has used distinctively visual images to convey his purpose, the juxtaposition of colour and symbolism create salience towards changes in Pleasantville, and altogether, create Ross’s purpose. The second distinctively visual scene where Ross conveys his purpose is the burning tree scene. This occurs outside the Parker’s house once Jennifer had raised Betty’s sexual consciousness, teaching her to explore her inner esires.. As this was a new experience for Betty Parker it was symbolized by the addition of colour in the world of Pleasantville. In this scene, the tree, burning on the left, is given life to flaming, illuminant oranges and yellows representing Betty Parker â€Å"set light† to her new found experience. As colour was incorporated in this scene it also symbolizes Betty’s change in attitude towards herself, her husband and the world. Overall this scene too, conveys Ross’s purpose as the world of Pleasantville changed, due to the inclusion colour after Betty’s new experience.Composers Peter Goldsworthy and Gary Ross are both successful in using distinctively visual images to convey their purpose. In the novel Maestro, Goldsworthy uses distinctively visual elements conveyed through literally techniques to create his view on how ones perception can change after gaining maturity. However in the film Pleasantville, Ross created distinctively visual images through the use of cinematic techniques such as colour and symbolism to reveal how one can change after being exposed to new experiences.

Experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast Essay Example

Experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast Essay In my experiment I used the following I used the following apparatus:* Test tube* Delivery tube* Thermometer* Beaker (300ml)* Beaker (100ml)* Yeast* Glucose* Tripod* Bunsen burner* Heating mat* Measuring cylinder* StopwatchIn my experiment I am investigating how temperature effects the respiration in yeast.MethodIn my experiment I first of all gather the above apparatus. I will fill the three hundred mills beaker with water and then place my test tube inside of it, the test tube will contain, so many parts glucose and so many parts yeast, but both parts have to add to twenty-five mills. (Each time so that it will be a fair test). The test tube will have a rubber bung on the top of it, which is attached to a delivery tube, and the other end of the delivery tube was in a smaller beaker, which is filled with water so that I could count the bubbles.Once this was set up, I heated the large beaker; the water heated, which heated the yeast then gave off gas through the delivery tube, which created bubbles in the smaller beakers water.This process was carried out I then heated the water In the larger beaker to 40 degrees then started the stopwatch for thirty second then recorded the bubbles, I did this each time going up in stages of ten degrees up to hundred degrees.I predict that the bubbles will increase until a certain time where the process wont stop producing until the glucose particles have collided with all the yeast particles the they can not collide anymore this is when the bubbles stop producing, they start colliding because temperature does increase the rate that particles move in.The things that I will measure are as follows:* Beakers* Yeast* Glucose* Time* Temperature* VolumeIn order for me to measure the glucose, yeast I will use a measuring cylinder. Measuring cylinder is the best thing for this kind of small measuring I chose this method because it is precise and easy to use.The quantities that I will change will be the glucose and yeast because then I can find out which is the formula that will produce the most bubbles. I also could of changed the time, but I didnt because I ran out of time unfortunately, this would of told me more on how temperature does effect on respiration in yeast, because instead of the 30 seconds I would of done 40 seconds, which I think would of lead to me find out that a lot more bubbles are produced and then recording this in o graph and basically going in to futher detail and invertigatiomnIn order to keep the experiment a fair one I will carry out the following:* Keep all measurements the same as the previous experiment/s.* Time limit the same.* Record all results the same also.So that my experiment is safe I will* Put my stool under the desk.* Wear goggles.* Clear desk.Table of first readings second readingsTemperatureBubbles/min19621923102412261528163125342435273736383841424344444548465248534055265918613630650680691700750800861900TemperatureBubbles/minute19621923102412261428253124342735363738384241 4443454446484852255318553591610630640650681690700750800860900The things that may make my experiment inaccurate could be:* Time* Temperature* Measurement* Same apparatus.In my experiment I didnt make any mistake to my knowledge, I put my stool under my table, wore goggles, and cleared my desk so that that I would be safe from any chemicals that may spill.The measurements I used added up to twenty-five for example: five mills glucose and 20 mills yeast. (These changed each time)The average amount of bubbles= 532 % 29 = 18. 3 bubbles (1.dp)The first set of results told me that: between o% and 18% there wasnt a change in the respiration of yeast and glucose, but when it reached 19% the respiration began to increase rapidly up to the peak point of 48% with 46 bubbles. From 48% it then started to decease quickly until it hit the bottom at 63% with no bubbles where it stayed at a result of 0 bubbles all the way to a 100% where I could clearly see there wasnt going to be a change so I ended the experiment.The second set of results told me: between 0 and 18% there was no bubbles produced, but from 19% to 56 % bubbles increased from 3 to 48. From 48% to 62% bubbles decrease to 0 and stayed this was until the experiment was over.From my tables and graphs I have learnt that 19 % is the point where yeast and glucose begin to respirate. And around 62 % is where the yeast begins to run out and gradually stops producing bubbles. I think the yeast runs out because the glucose can no longer feed it or the other alternative is the glucose runs out because the yeast thrives on it which causes the yeast not to respirate and there for the process the ends.From what the graphs and tables told me, it has proven my prediction wrong.My result I think were good and told me what I think is the right answer, I think now I have done the experiment that I should have done more experiments and really proven my conclusion with more than a few graphs.The thing that didnt seem to fit which happ ened in both cases of my experiments was that once the temperature had reached 62 % (which was the end of the respiration) it didnt have any bubbles then when it reached about 70 % it produced a bubbles I think this is because the yeast still respirates a bit, and produces its final bubble?My results did help me solve my problem because the temperature did effect the respiration in yeast (as I stated above).I think my results are fairly reliable but not as reliable, as If I would have done them more than twice.If I was going to do my experiment and whole investigation again I would the only thing I would change would be more results. So I would have a firmer conclusion. Also because my formula added up to 25 mills I think I would increase that to about 50 mills and see if this made any difference. If I were going to increase the concentration to 50 mills I think my prediction would be that instead of the peak temperature being around 62% I think I t would be around 100%. I thought t his because it would take longer for the yeast to respirate.There were a number of things that were inaccurate in my experiment the first one being the temperature, I wasnt sure if I was supposed to start the stopwatch then record the bubbles for 30 seconds or time 30 seconds then record the bubbles. Looking back now on my experiment I see that I should of changed my water every time, i.e.) once I have recorded the bubbles for 10 degrees then change the water and then heat it too 20 degrees and record it.